diff --git a/packages/rpa-core/src/browser/external.ts b/packages/rpa-core/src/browser/external.ts
index 775ebf9..7007bb9 100644
--- a/packages/rpa-core/src/browser/external.ts
+++ b/packages/rpa-core/src/browser/external.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 import { execFile, spawn, type ChildProcess } from "node:child_process";
+import { promisify } from "node:util";
 import { promises as fs } from "node:fs";
 import os from "node:os";
 import path from "node:path";
 import { RuntimeError } from "../engine/types";
 import { ExternalTransport } from "./transport";
 
+const execAsync = promisify(execFile);
+
 /**
  * 外部浏览器（Edge / Chrome）进程管理与 CDP 连接。
  *
@@ -209,6 +212,27 @@ export async function connectRemoteBrowser(options: ExternalRemoteOptions): Prom
   };
 }
 
+/** 清理占用专用 profile 的残留浏览器进程。
+ *  同一 user-data-dir 已有实例时，再次启动的 Chrome 会把请求转交旧实例并立即退出（代码 0），
+ *  导致「启动失败（进程已退出，代码 0）」——这些实例都是本模块之前拉起的，清理是安全的。 */
+async function killStaleBrowserProcesses(browserType: ExternalBrowserType, userDataDir: string): Promise<void> {
+  try {
+    if (process.platform === "win32") {
+      const names = browserType === "edge" ? "msedge.exe" : "chrome.exe";
+      const marker = userDataDir.replace(/'/g, "''");
+      const script =
+        `Get-CimInstance Win32_Process -Filter "Name='${names}'" | ` +
+        `Where-Object { $_.CommandLine -like '*${marker}*' } | ` +
+        "ForEach-Object { Stop-Process -Id $_.ProcessId -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue }";
+      await execAsync("powershell.exe", ["-NoProfile", "-NonInteractive", "-Command", script], { timeout: 8000, windowsHide: true });
+    } else {
+      await execAsync("pkill", ["-f", userDataDir], { timeout: 5000 });
+    }
+  } catch {
+    // 清理失败不阻塞启动：可能本来就没有残留，或权限受限
+  }
+}
+
 /** 拉起本机 Edge/Chrome（带独立 profile + 调试端口），并接管其页面 */
 export async function launchExternalBrowser(options: ExternalLaunchOptions): Promise<ExternalConnection> {
   const browserType = options.browserType === "edge" ? "edge" : "chrome";
@@ -233,11 +257,14 @@ export async function launchExternalBrowser(options: ExternalLaunchOptions): Pro
     `--user-data-dir=${userDataDir}`,
     "--no-first-run",
     "--no-default-browser-check",
+    // 固定 profile 曾被强杀过时，Chrome 会弹「恢复页面？」气泡挡住页面拾取
+    "--hide-crash-restore-bubble",
     startUrl,
     ...extraArgs
   ];
 
-  const child = spawn(browserPath, args, { detached: false, stdio: "ignore", windowsHide: true });
+  const spawnBrowser = (): ChildProcess => spawn(browserPath, args, { detached: false, stdio: "ignore", windowsHide: true });
+  let child = spawnBrowser();
   child.on("error", () => {
     // spawn 失败由下方就绪轮询超时统一报错
   });
@@ -245,11 +272,24 @@ export async function launchExternalBrowser(options: ExternalLaunchOptions): Pro
   // 就绪轮询：等 /json/version 可访问（最长 15s）
   const deadline = Date.now() + 15000;
   let ready = false;
+  let retriedStale = false;
   while (Date.now() < deadline) {
     if (child.exitCode !== null) {
+      if (!retriedStale) {
+        // 立即退出（常见代码 0）：专用 profile 被残留实例占用，Chrome 转交后自杀；
+        // 清理残留后重试一次
+        retriedStale = true;
+        await killStaleBrowserProcesses(browserType, userDataDir);
+        await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 300));
+        child = spawnBrowser();
+        child.on("error", () => {
+          // spawn 失败由下方就绪轮询超时统一报错
+        });
+        continue;
+      }
       throw new RuntimeError("browser_error", `${label} 启动失败（进程已退出，代码 ${child.exitCode}）`, {
         detail: browserPath,
-        recommendation: "检查浏览器安装是否完整，或参数是否合法"
+        recommendation: "已尝试清理残留实例仍失败：检查浏览器安装是否完整，或重启电脑后重试"
       });
     }
     if (await isDebugPortReady(port)) {