feat(calc): 单笔回款核算引擎与绩效台账

- calc_service.calc_receipt：锁回款行→settlement_status=0 校验→发货批次/
  归属前置→resolve_snapshot(回款日)→按 calc_template 分派（与 _preview_rate
  同构，‰÷1000 防线）→items 行级折算（行类别阈值，混合按行汇总）→
  barter/起付/R→台账 v1→CAS 置已核算，单 audit 事务
- 策略点集中：_personal_rate（#12 经理个人户单笔落 0 待答复）、_row_profit
  （#20 不含税原样）；核算粒度 #25 一期口径=业务级一次性计提（重复回款
  repeated=True 仅登记进度）
- 台账仓储：生效行查询/业务级判定/版本号；schemas LedgerOut/Query
- api /api/v1/calc/*：台账分页/详情/核算触发（写限 admin+marketing_ops）
- 测试 8 例：金标准双类别复算到分（DB 锚定 4000.00/39.11/39.11）、
  一次性计提、已核算 400、未指定批次、成本缺失行保守 -3000、负绩效照算、
  准入、列表筛选；行级明细折算两位固化
- conftest 清理顺序修正：V7 台账/月结清理移到回款/人员删除之前
  （RESTRICT 外键不挡序）

Co-Authored-By: Claude Code <noreply@anthropic.com>

backend/app/schemas/calc.py

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+"""绩效核算的请求/响应模型（M3 ④）。"""
+
+from datetime import date, datetime
+from decimal import Decimal
+
+from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field
+
+from app.core.response import PageQuery
+
+
+class LedgerQuery(PageQuery):
+    """台账列表查询条件。"""
+
+    settlement_month: str | None = Field(default=None, max_length=7, description="归属月 YYYY-MM")
+    personnel_id: int | None = Field(default=None, ge=1, description="归属人员筛选")
+    business_id: int | None = Field(default=None, ge=1, description="业务筛选")
+    is_active: int | None = Field(default=None, ge=0, le=1, description="生效标记筛选")
+    calc_type: int | None = Field(default=None, ge=1, le=2, description="核算类型筛选")
+
+
+class LedgerOut(BaseModel):
+    """台账行响应（金额/比例一律 str）。"""
+
+    model_config = ConfigDict(from_attributes=True)
+
+    id: int
+    receipt_id: int | None = None
+    calc_version: int
+    is_active: int
+    calc_type: int
+    business_id: int
+    business_no: str
+    personnel_id: int
+    personnel_name: str
+    role_code: str
+    customer_type: str
+    product_category: str
+    ship_date: date | None = None
+    receipt_date: date
+    payment_days: int | None = None
+    rate_text: str
+    converted_profit: Decimal | None = None
+    performance_amount: Decimal | None = None
+    barter_applied: int
+    weight_r: int | None = None
+    payment_weight: Decimal | None = None
+    payable_amount: Decimal | None = None
+    settlement_month: str
+    is_probation: int
+    missing_cost: int
+    snapshot_json: dict | None = None
+    settlement_id: int | None = None
+    calc_reason: str | None = None
+    create_time: datetime
+
+
+class CalcReceiptOut(BaseModel):
+    """单笔核算结果：台账行 + 重复计提标记（核算粒度 #25 一期口径）。"""
+
+    ledger: LedgerOut
+    #: True=该业务此前已核算过，本笔回款仅登记进度、未重复计提（#25 一期口径）
+    repeated: bool = False