feat(system): 业务岗位角色管理接口与保护规则

- 四层实现：仓储（FOR UPDATE 锁行 + 引用计数钩子预留）/ schemas / service / api 共 7 个端点
- 保护规则：内置岗位禁删禁停、编码创建后不可改、模板须在注册表内（未注册 400）
- 写操作全走审计上下文；冒烟验证 7 项（含成功/失败双路径落日志）
- 端点：列表/新增/详情/编辑/删除/启停 + meta/templates 模板下拉

Co-Authored-By: Claude Code <noreply@anthropic.com>

backend/app/api/v1/system/business_roles.py

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+"""业务岗位角色管理接口（需求 #28：岗位可扩展 + 绑定公式模板）。
+
+保护规则（内置岗位禁删禁停、编码不可改、模板须在注册表内）见
+`business_role_service` 模块 docstring。前端会禁用相应按钮，但**后端校验是唯一防线**。
+
+全部要求管理员权限；写操作经 `RequestMetaDep` 带入请求元信息由 service
+层写入操作日志。
+"""
+
+from typing import Annotated
+
+from fastapi import APIRouter, Path, Query
+
+from app.api.deps import AdminUser, DbSession, RequestMetaDep
+from app.core.response import ApiResponse, PageResult, ok
+from app.schemas.business_role import (
+    BusinessRoleCreateIn,
+    BusinessRoleOut,
+    BusinessRoleQuery,
+    BusinessRoleStatusIn,
+    BusinessRoleUpdateIn,
+    TemplateOptionOut,
+)
+from app.services import business_role_service
+
+router = APIRouter(prefix="/business-roles", tags=["系统管理 · 岗位角色"])
+
+
+@router.get("", response_model=ApiResponse[PageResult[BusinessRoleOut]], summary="岗位列表")
+def list_roles(
+    session: DbSession,
+    _: AdminUser,
+    query: Annotated[BusinessRoleQuery, Query()],
+) -> ApiResponse[PageResult[BusinessRoleOut]]:
+    """分页查询业务岗位角色（含停用）。"""
+    return ok(business_role_service.list_roles(session, query))
+
+
+@router.post("", response_model=ApiResponse[BusinessRoleOut], summary="新增岗位")
+def create_role(
+    session: DbSession,
+    current_user: AdminUser,
+    payload: BusinessRoleCreateIn,
+    meta: RequestMetaDep,
+) -> ApiResponse[BusinessRoleOut]:
+    """新增岗位。编码全局唯一、创建后不可修改；模板须在注册表内；新岗位默认启用。"""
+    return ok(
+        business_role_service.create_role(session, payload, operator=current_user, meta=meta),
+        message="岗位已创建",
+    )
+
+
+@router.get(
+    "/meta/templates",
+    response_model=ApiResponse[list[TemplateOptionOut]],
+    summary="公式模板下拉",
+)
+def list_template_options(session: DbSession, _: AdminUser) -> ApiResponse[list[TemplateOptionOut]]:
+    """取公式模板下拉（含声明参数，供岗位表单展示）。
+
+    定义在 `/{role_id}` 之前：静态路径优先，避免 "meta" 被当作路径参数解析。
+    """
+    return ok(business_role_service.list_template_options())
+
+
+@router.get("/{role_id}", response_model=ApiResponse[BusinessRoleOut], summary="岗位详情")
+def get_role(
+    session: DbSession,
+    _: AdminUser,
+    role_id: Annotated[int, Path(ge=1)],
+) -> ApiResponse[BusinessRoleOut]:
+    """按主键查询岗位详情。"""
+    return ok(business_role_service.get_role(session, role_id))
+
+
+@router.put("/{role_id}", response_model=ApiResponse[BusinessRoleOut], summary="编辑岗位")
+def update_role(
+    session: DbSession,
+    current_user: AdminUser,
+    role_id: Annotated[int, Path(ge=1)],
+    payload: BusinessRoleUpdateIn,
+    meta: RequestMetaDep,
+) -> ApiResponse[BusinessRoleOut]:
+    """编辑岗位名称/模板/说明/排序。
+
+    **不含 role_code** —— 编码是参数维度值与模板绑定的锚点。
+    """
+    return ok(
+        business_role_service.update_role(
+            session, role_id, payload, operator=current_user, meta=meta
+        ),
+        message="已保存",
+    )
+
+
+@router.put(
+    "/{role_id}/status", response_model=ApiResponse[BusinessRoleOut], summary="启用/禁用岗位"
+)
+def set_status(
+    session: DbSession,
+    current_user: AdminUser,
+    role_id: Annotated[int, Path(ge=1)],
+    payload: BusinessRoleStatusIn,
+    meta: RequestMetaDep,
+) -> ApiResponse[BusinessRoleOut]:
+    """启用或禁用岗位。内置岗位不可停用。"""
+    result = business_role_service.set_status(
+        session, role_id, payload.status, operator=current_user, meta=meta
+    )
+    return ok(result, message="已启用" if payload.status == 1 else "已禁用")
+
+
+@router.delete("/{role_id}", response_model=ApiResponse[None], summary="删除岗位")
+def delete_role(
+    session: DbSession,
+    current_user: AdminUser,
+    role_id: Annotated[int, Path(ge=1)],
+    meta: RequestMetaDep,
+) -> ApiResponse[None]:
+    """删除岗位。内置岗位不可删除；有人员引用的岗位不可删除。"""
+    business_role_service.delete_role(session, role_id, operator=current_user, meta=meta)
+    return ok(message="岗位已删除")