feat(customer): 客户评级并入客户管理并落库

- customers 表新增 rating_score/rating_time（V13 迁移 + V10 SQL + init-dev 同步）
- 新端点 PUT /customers/{id}/rating：评分是档案属性，只存总分与评级时间（五项明细不落库）
- 列表排序 order_by=rating_score，未评分客户升序/降序都垫底，id desc 兜底稳定分页
- 前端 RatingCalculatorDialog 并入客户管理（评分列 + 评级计算按钮），删除独立页与路由
- 测试：评级保存/越界/排序垫底 3 例，test_customers.py 18 passed；schema 同步 216 passed

backend/app/services/customer_service.py

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 
 import logging
 from dataclasses import dataclass
+from datetime import datetime
 
 from sqlalchemy import Row
 from sqlalchemy.exc import IntegrityError
@@ -38,6 +39,7 @@ from app.schemas.customer import (
     CustomerOut,
     CustomerOwnershipIn,
     CustomerQuery,
+    CustomerRatingIn,
     CustomerUpdateIn,
     OwnershipChangeLogOut,
 )
@@ -61,6 +63,8 @@ def _to_out(customer: Customer, owner_name: str | None) -> CustomerOut:
         owner_personnel_id=customer.owner_personnel_id,
         owner_personnel_name=owner_name,
         remark=customer.remark,
+        rating_score=customer.rating_score,
+        rating_time=customer.rating_time,
     )
 
 
@@ -263,6 +267,53 @@ def update_customer(
         return out
 
 
+def rate_customer(
+    session: Session,
+    customer_id: int,
+    payload: CustomerRatingIn,
+    *,
+    operator: User,
+    meta: RequestMeta | None = None,
+) -> CustomerOut:
+    """保存客户评级（评级计算器「保存评分」）。
+
+    评分是客户档案属性而非审计事件：只存总分与评级时间，五项明细与所用
+    等级配置不落库（对照表 #25 的定位口径）——等级映射是可变判定表，回溯
+    「当时命中的等级」需要快照设计，超出档案属性的范围；评级时间已足够
+    回答「这个分是什么时候打的」。
+
+    :raises NotFoundError: 客户不存在
+    """
+    # 客户名进审计摘要，预取放在审计上下文之前（同 change_ownership 口径）
+    row = customer_repository.get_with_owner_name(session, customer_id)
+    customer_name = row[0].company_name if row else f"#{customer_id}"
+    with audit_service.audit(
+        session,
+        operator=operator,
+        record=AuditRecord(
+            module=MODULE_CUSTOMER,
+            action=ACTION_UPDATE,
+            summary=f"保存客户评级 {customer_name}：{payload.score} 分",
+            request_data=payload.model_dump(),
+        ),
+        meta=meta,
+    ):
+        if row is None:
+            raise NotFoundError("客户不存在")
+        customer, owner_name = row
+
+        customer.rating_score = payload.score
+        # 评级时间取应用层本地时间（库列 TZ=Asia/Shanghai，与 TimestampMixin
+        # 的服务器默认值同一时区口径），不用数据库 NOW()：行已在本会话
+        customer.rating_time = datetime.now()
+
+        # 响应在 commit 之前构造（同 user_service 顶部说明）
+        out = _to_out(customer, owner_name)
+        session.commit()
+        logger.info("保存客户评级 | customer_id=%s | score=%s", customer_id, payload.score)
+        return out
+
+
 def delete_customer(
     session: Session,
     customer_id: int,