feat(后端): 添加授权体系、系统监控与试用期计提

按 2026-11-02 需求补齐计划交付后端能力：
- 角色授权：权限目录化，接口统一准入校验，未登记默认拒绝；
  管理员判断改为按数据库角色重新判定，防止权限码持有者绕过
- 系统监控：单进程采集资源、请求与异常指标，分钟级聚合，
  阈值配置化；敏感配置增加 repr 保护，Redis 密码 URL 转义
- 试用期计提：按回款日判定并写入快照，年度结清与调整单联动；
  人员模型补试用期、离职日期与工资版本历史字段
- 计提模板：公式骨架受控，页面维护名称与参数绑定
- T+ 采集：自动化配置表与进度查询

内置角色禁停用保护对齐模块注释；核算规则版本提为常量并
补充批量核算失败堆栈日志。

影响范围：后端全部模块、数据库迁移 V22-V28
验证：uv run ruff check 通过；922 个单元测试全部通过；
集成测试因本机 MySQL 数据卷被其他容器锁定暂未运行

backend/tests/integration/conftest.py

@@ -89,6 +89,12 @@ def _purge_test_data() -> None:
     factory = get_session_factory()
     ensure_test_database(factory.kw["bind"].url.database, os.environ.get("PAYROLL_TEST_DATABASE"))
     with factory() as session:
+        from app.models import AuthorizationSetting, ProbationDeferral, ProbationPayment
+
+        session.execute(delete(ProbationPayment))
+        session.execute(delete(ProbationDeferral))
+
+        session.execute(update(AuthorizationSetting).values(maker_user_id=None, updated_by=None))
         users = list(
             session.execute(select(User.id, User.username).where(User.username.like("t\\_%"))).all()
         )
@@ -218,7 +224,10 @@ def _purge_test_data() -> None:
             .values(company_name="衍水集团", logo_path=None)
         )
         session.commit()
-        logo_dir = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[2] / "uploads" / "logo"
+        logo_dir = get_settings().upload_dir / "logo"
+        expected_uploads = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[3] / ".ai" / "isolated-uploads" / get_settings().mysql_database
+        if not logo_dir.resolve().is_relative_to(expected_uploads.resolve()):
+            raise RuntimeError("测试文件清理目标不在本次隔离目录，拒绝清理")
         if logo_dir.is_dir():
             for f in logo_dir.iterdir():
                 f.unlink(missing_ok=True)
@@ -330,8 +339,10 @@ def make_role():
 def admin(make_user, auth_headers, monkeypatch) -> dict:
     """管理员账号（含请求头）。"""
     user = make_user([ROLE_ADMIN])
-    from app.core.config import get_settings
-    monkeypatch.setattr(get_settings(), "payroll_maker_user_id", user["id"])
+    from app.models import AuthorizationSetting
+    with get_session_factory()() as session:
+        session.get(AuthorizationSetting, 1).maker_user_id = user["id"]
+        session.commit()
     user["headers"] = auth_headers(user)
     return user
 
@@ -387,6 +398,10 @@ def legacy_calculation(monkeypatch):
 @pytest.fixture
 def writer(normal, admin, monkeypatch):
     """指定一个普通角色账号为工资制作人，证明身份授权与管理员角色无关。"""
-    from app.core.config import get_settings
-    monkeypatch.setattr(get_settings(), "payroll_maker_user_id", normal["id"])
+    from app.models import AuthorizationSetting
+    with get_session_factory()() as session:
+        session.get(AuthorizationSetting, 1).maker_user_id = normal["id"]
+        role = session.scalar(select(Role).where(Role.role_code == "payroll_maker"))
+        session.add(UserRole(user_id=normal["id"], role_id=role.id))
+        session.commit()
     return normal