feat(后端): 添加授权体系、系统监控与试用期计提

按 2026-11-02 需求补齐计划交付后端能力：
- 角色授权：权限目录化，接口统一准入校验，未登记默认拒绝；
  管理员判断改为按数据库角色重新判定，防止权限码持有者绕过
- 系统监控：单进程采集资源、请求与异常指标，分钟级聚合，
  阈值配置化；敏感配置增加 repr 保护，Redis 密码 URL 转义
- 试用期计提：按回款日判定并写入快照，年度结清与调整单联动；
  人员模型补试用期、离职日期与工资版本历史字段
- 计提模板：公式骨架受控，页面维护名称与参数绑定
- T+ 采集：自动化配置表与进度查询

内置角色禁停用保护对齐模块注释；核算规则版本提为常量并
补充批量核算失败堆栈日志。

影响范围：后端全部模块、数据库迁移 V22-V28
验证：uv run ruff check 通过；922 个单元测试全部通过；
集成测试因本机 MySQL 数据卷被其他容器锁定暂未运行

backend/app/api/router.py

@@ -4,9 +4,10 @@
 健康检查作为运维探针不带版本号，直接位于 `/api/health`。
 """
 
-from fastapi import APIRouter
+from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends
 
 from app.api import health
+from app.api.deps import authorize_request
 from app.api.v1 import auth
 from app.api.v1.base import business_roles as base_business_roles
 from app.api.v1.base import customers as base_customers
@@ -18,17 +19,22 @@ from app.api.v1.business import receipts as business_receipts
 from app.api.v1.business import shipments as business_shipments
 from app.api.v1.calc import router as calc_router
 from app.api.v1.dashboard import router as dashboard_router
+from app.api.v1.metadata import router as metadata_router
 from app.api.v1.payroll import router as payroll_router
 from app.api.v1.reports import router as reports_router
 from app.api.v1.settlements import router as settlements_router
 from app.api.v1.system import approvals as system_approvals
 from app.api.v1.system import business_roles as system_business_roles
+from app.api.v1.system import calc_templates as system_calc_templates
 from app.api.v1.system import logs as system_logs
+from app.api.v1.system import monitor as system_monitor
 from app.api.v1.system import params as system_params
 from app.api.v1.system import roles as system_roles
 from app.api.v1.system import settings as system_settings
 from app.api.v1.system import tplus as system_tplus
 from app.api.v1.system import users as system_users
+from app.api.v1.system.authorization import router as authorization_router
+from app.api.v1.system.coefficients import router as coefficient_router
 
 api_router = APIRouter()
 
@@ -36,15 +42,21 @@ api_router = APIRouter()
 api_router.include_router(health.router)
 
 # 业务接口：/api/v1/*
-v1_router = APIRouter(prefix="/v1")
+v1_router = APIRouter(prefix="/v1", dependencies=[Depends(authorize_request)])
+v1_router.include_router(authorization_router)
+v1_router.include_router(metadata_router)
 v1_router.include_router(auth.router)
 
 # 系统管理（需求 2.5.1）：/api/v1/system/*
 system_router = APIRouter(prefix="/system")
 system_router.include_router(system_users.router)
+system_router.include_router(system_monitor.router)
 system_router.include_router(system_roles.router)
 system_router.include_router(system_business_roles.router)
+system_router.include_router(system_calc_templates.router)
 system_router.include_router(system_params.router)
+
+system_router.include_router(coefficient_router)
 system_router.include_router(system_settings.router)
 system_router.include_router(system_approvals.router)
 system_router.include_router(system_logs.operation_router)